Methodology
To determine the most favorable housing markets for first-time home buyers, WalletHub compared a sample of 300 U.S. cities (varying in size) across three key dimensions: 1) Affordability, 2) Real-Estate Market and 3) Quality of Life.
We evaluated those dimensions using 27 relevant metrics, which are listed below with their corresponding weights. Each metric was graded on a 100-point scale, with a score of 100 representing the most favorable conditions for first-time home buyers. Data for metrics marked with an asterisk (*) were available at the state level only.
Finally, we determined each city’s weighted average across all metrics to calculate its overall score and used the resulting scores to rank-order our sample. Our sample considers only the city proper in each case and excludes cities in the surrounding metro area. Each city was categorized according to the following population-size guidelines:
- Large cities: More than 300,000 people
- Midsize cities: 150,000 to 300,000 people
- Small cities: Fewer than 150,000 people
Affordability – Total Points: 33.33
- Housing Affordability: Triple Weight (~14.28 Points)
Note: This metric was calculated as follows: Median House Price / Median Annual Household Income. - Average Cost of Homeowner’s Insurance*: Full Weight (~4.76 Points)
- Cost of Living: Full Weight (~4.76 Points)
- Cost per Square Foot: Full Weight (~4.76 Points)
Note: This metric measures specifically the median list price per average home square footage. - Real-Estate Tax Rate: Full Weight (~4.76 Points)
Real-Estate Market – Total Points: 33.33
- Rent-to-Price-Ratio: Double Weight (~4.44 Points)
- Housing-Market Health Index: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Share of Homes Sold in One Year: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Median Home-Price Appreciation: Double Weight (~4.44 Points)
- Foreclosure Rate: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Share of Mortgage Holders with Negative Equity: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
Note: This metric measures the proportion of mortgage holders whose balance on mortgage is higher than the value of homes. - Buy vs. Rent Breakeven Horizon: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
Note: The “breakeven horizon” is defined by Zillow as the point, in years, at which buying a home becomes less expensive than renting the same home. - Share of Listings with Price Cuts: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Share of Housing Units Built between 2010 and 2017: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Building-Permit Activity: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
Note: This metric measures the number of unit permits pulled per 1,000 residents. - Mortgage Lenders per Capita: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Real Estate Agents per Capita: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
- Homeownership Rate for Millennials: Full Weight (~2.22 Points)
Quality of Life – Total Points: 33.33
- Recreation-Friendliness: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Best & Worst Cities for Recreation” ranking. - Recession Recovery: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Most & Least Recession-Recovered Cities” ranking. - Weather: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Cities with the Best & Worst Weather” ranking. - Quality of School System*: Double Weight (~6.67 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “States with the Best & Worst School Systems” ranking. - Driver-Friendliness: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Best & Worst Cities to Drive in” ranking. - Job Market: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Note: This metric is based on WalletHub’s “Best & Worst Cities for Jobs” ranking. - Total Home-Energy Cost: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
- Violent-Crime Rate: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
- Property-Crime Rate: Full Weight (~3.33 Points)
Sources: Data used to create this ranking were collected from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Council for Community and Economic Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Zillow, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Insurance Information Institute, AreaVibes, Renwood RealtyTrac and WalletHub research.
Image: Dean Drobot / Shutterstock.com
0 Comments